peace and social justice. I will argue throughout these next chapters that Luke is aware of this literary portrait, and his so-called minimization of the ‘vicarious’ aspect of the servant’s suffering shows how well he was reading Isaiah. Second, while it is true that the substitutionary trait is less prominent in Luke-Acts,8 Luke is clearly aware of this aspect (Acts 20:28; cf. Lk. 22:19b–20).9 Thus the other reason for Luke’s so-called shortchanging of this motif is his desire to apply the servant